Measurement of the Quality of recovery after elective surgeries using the QoR-15 score.

Authors

  • Shaimaa Hasan Shaimaa Hamid Hasan, Anesthesiologist, Department of Anesthesia Science, College of Health Sciences, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
  • Faheema Ali Assistant lecturer, Department of Anesthesia Science, College of Health Sciences, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
  • Kawa Ameen Marof , MBChB, M.Sc. Community Medicine, Department of Anesthesia Sciences,
  • Ale Faeq College of Medicine, University of Duhok, Kurdistan region, Iraq.
  • Lanja Abdullah Lanja Muhammadamin Abdullah, student, Department of Anesthesia Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Duhok, Kurdistan region, Iraq.
  • Fatima Khalil Majeed Fatima Shawkat Khalil Majeed, Department of Anesthesia Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Duhok, Kurdistan region, Iraq.
  • Sukaina Barjis Sukaina Jalal Barjis, Department of Anesthesia Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Duhok, Kurdistan region, Iraq.
  • Eman Mustafa Eman Shareef Mustafa, Department of Anesthesia Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Duhok, Kurdistan region, Iraq.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22317/imj.v9i3.1319

Keywords:

Quality of recovery-15 score, Elective surgery, Enhanced Recovery After Surgery, Spinal anesthesia, General anesthesia

Abstract

Objective: This study measures the quality of recovery for patients scheduled for elective surgery and compares general and spinal anesthesia on the QoR-15 score.

Method: prospective, parallel, cross sectional study in which 160 patients with class I, II ASA status were scheduled for elective abdominal surgeries. 80 patients received general anesthesia, while 80 patients received spinal anesthesia. After acquiring informed written consents, the Kurdish version of the QoR-15 score questionnaire was filled out preoperatively and 24 hr postoperatively.

Result: In 160 patients, Spinal anesthesia is better than general anesthesia regarding a 24-hour postoperative total QoR-15 score median (124 versus 114.5), respectively, with a p-value of 0.008. Males had a significantly better postoperative quality of recovery, and obesity had a negligibly opposite effect.

Conclusion: Spinal anesthesia is better than general anesthesia for abdominal surgeries in terms of early quality of recovery as tested by the QoR-15.

References

Lorenzen MD, Pedersen CF, Carreon LY, Clemensen J, Andersen MO. Measuring quality of recovery (QoR-15) after degenerative spinal surgery: A prospective observational study. Brain and Spine. 2024 Jan 1;4:102767.

Myles PS, Shulman MA, Reilly J, Kasza J, Romero L. Measurement of quality of recovery after surgery using the 15-item quality of recovery scale: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Anaesth [Internet]. 2022 Jun 1 [cited 2024 Dec 18];128(6):1029–39. Available from: http://www.bjanaesthesia.org/article/S0007091222001325/fulltext

Stark PA, Myles PS, Burke JA. Development and Psychometric Evaluation of a Postoperative Quality of Recovery ScoreThe QoR-15. Anesthesiology [Internet]. 2013 Jun 1 [cited 2024 Oct 22];118(6):1332–40. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0b013e318289b84b

Açıkel A, Öztürk T, Göker A, Hayran GG, Keleş GT. Comparison of Patient Satisfaction Between General and Spinal Anaesthesia in Emergency Caesarean Deliveries. Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim [Internet]. 2017 Feb 1 [cited 2024 Dec 21];45(1):41. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5367724/

Myles PS, Reeves S, Anderson H, Weeks AM. Measurement of Quality of Recovery in 5672 Patients after Anaesthesia and Surgery. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2000;28(3):276–80.

Mao Y, Guo J, Yuan J, Zhao E, Yang J. Quality of Recovery After General Anesthesia with Remimazolam in Patients’ Undergoing Urologic Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Remimazolam with Propofol. 2022 [cited 2024 Oct 22]; Available from: https://doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S359496

Chazapis M, Walker EMK, Rooms MA, Kamming D, Moonesinghe SR. Measuring quality of recovery-15 after day case surgery. Br J Anaesth. 2016 Feb 1;116(2):241–8.

Chhabra A, Dave M, Jeenger L, Meena R, Aggarwal I, Partani S. Comparison of Quality of Recovery (QoR-15) following the administration of intravenous lignocaine and fentanyl in patients undergoing septoplasty under general anaesthesia: A double-blinded, randomised, controlled trial. Indian J Anaesth [Internet]. 2023 Apr 1 [cited 2024 Oct 16];67(4):388. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC10248903/

Moonesinghe SR, Jackson AIR, Boney O, Stevenson N, Chan MTV, Cook TM, et al. Systematic review and consensus definitions for the Standardised Endpoints in Perioperative Medicine initiative: patient-centred outcomes. Br J Anaesth [Internet]. 2019 Nov 1 [cited 2024 Dec 21];123(5):664–70. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31493848/

Authors UMUT KARA A, Şi̇mşek F, Kamburoğlu H, Özgür Özhan M, Alakuş Ü, Emi̇n İnce M, et al. Linguistic validation of a widely used recovery score: quality of recovery-15 Linguistic validation of a widely used recovery score: quality of recovery-15 (QoR-15) (QoR-15) Linguistic validation of a widely used recovery score: quality of recovery-15 (QoR-15). [cited 2025 Mar 24]; Available from: https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/medical/vol52/iss2/18

Lee JH, Ki M, Choi S, Woo CJ, Kim D, Lim H, et al. Validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Quality of Recovery-15 questionnaire. Korean J Anesthesiol [Internet]. 2020 Oct 30 [cited 2025 Mar 24];74(2):142–9. Available from: http://ekja.org/journal/view.php?number=8701

Demumieux F, Ludes PO, Diemunsch P, Bennett-Guerrero E, Lujic M, Lefebvre F, et al. Validation of the translated Quality of Recovery-15 questionnaire in a French-speaking population. Br J Anaesth [Internet]. 2020 Jun 1 [cited 2025 Mar 24];124(6):761–7. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32303379/

Bergestuen L, Moger T, Oterhals K, Pfeffer F, Nestvold T, Norderval S, et al. Translation and validation of the Norwegian version of the postoperative quality of recovery score QoR-15. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand [Internet]. 2024 Jan 1 [cited 2025 Mar 24];68(1):43–50. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/aas.14322

Kleif J, Edwards HM, Sort R, Vilandt J, Gögenur I. Translation and validation of the Danish version of the postoperative quality of recovery score QoR-15. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand [Internet]. 2015 Aug 1 [cited 2025 Mar 24];59(7):912–20. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25867135/

Chen Y, Liu S, Li B, Lin R, Lai W, Liu D, et al. Application of the quality of recovery-40 questionnaire to evaluate the effectiveness of enhanced recovery after surgery protocols in gastric cancer. Updates Surg [Internet]. 2024 Aug 1 [cited 2025 Mar 24];76(4):1365. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11341596/

Heckmann ND, De A, Porter KR, Stambough JB. Spinal Versus General Anesthesia in Total Knee Arthroplasty: Are There Differences in Complication and Readmission Rates? J Arthroplasty [Internet]. 2023 Apr 1 [cited 2025 May 30];38(4):673-679.e1. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36947506/

Agarwala R, Morrison B. Neuraxial anaesthesia and its role in enhanced recovery after surgery: a narrative review. Dig Med Res [Internet]. 2022 Mar 30 [cited 2025 May 30];5(0):20–20. Available from: https://dmr.amegroups.org/article/view/8168/html

Wang E, Belley-Côté EP, Young J, He H, Saud H, D’Aragon F, et al. Effect of perioperative benzodiazepine use on intraoperative awareness and postoperative delirium: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and observational studies. Br J Anaesth [Internet]. 2023 Aug 1 [cited 2025 Mar 15];131(2):302–13. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36621439/

Andrade MJ, Murillo M, Zúñiga MA, Amaya S, Barreto N, Castellanos CJ, et al. Perioperative benzodiazepine use in the pediatric population: A narrative review. Revista Chilena de Anestesia. 2023;52(3):267–73.

Mancuso CE, Tanzi MG, Gabay M. Paradoxical reactions to benzodiazepines: literature review and treatment options. Pharmacotherapy [Internet]. 2004 Sep 4 [cited 2025 Mar 15];24(9):1177–85. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15460178/

van Beek S, Kroon J, Rijs K, Mijderwijk HJ, Klimek M, Stolker RJ. The effect of midazolam as premedication on the quality of postoperative recovery after laparotomy: a randomized clinical trial. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia [Internet]. 2020 Jan 1 [cited 2025 Mar 15];67(1):32–41. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12630-019-01494-6

Wang D, Teichtahl H. Opioids, sleep architecture and sleep-disordered breathing. Sleep Med Rev. 2007 Feb 1;11(1):35–46.

Léger M, Perrault T, Pessiot-Royer S, Parot-Schinkel E, Costerousse F, Rineau E, et al. Opioid-free Anesthesia Protocol on the Early Quality of Recovery after Major Surgery (SOFA Trial): A Randomized Clinical Trial. Anesthesiology [Internet]. 2024 Apr 1 [cited 2025 Mar 15];140(4):679–89. Available from: https://journals.lww.com/anesthesiology/fulltext/2024/04000/opioid_free_anesthesia_protocol_on_the_early.14.aspx

Rüsch D, Eberhart LHJ, Wallenborn J, Kranke P. Nausea and Vomiting After Surgery Under General Anesthesia: An Evidence-Based Review Concerning Risk Assessment, Prevention, and Treatment. Dtsch Arztebl Int [Internet]. 2010 Oct 22 [cited 2025 Mar 31];107(42):733. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2977990/

Dash DLN, Sahu DT, Bhanjadeo DD, Kumar DMM. Incidence and management of postoperative nausea and vomiting (ponv) in patients undergoing general anesthesia- A hospital-based study. European Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine [Internet]. 2024 Jul 19 [cited 2025 Mar 31];14:212–8. Available from: https://healthcare-bulletin.co.uk/article/incidence-and-management-of-postoperative-nausea-and-vomiting-ponv-in-patients-undergoing-general-anesthesia-a-hospital-based-study-2249/

Nesek-Adam V, Grizelj-Stojčić E, Rašić Ž, Čala Z, Mršić V, Smiljanić A. Comparison of dexamethasone, metoclopramide, and their combination in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc [Internet]. 2007 Apr [cited 2025 Mar 31];21(4):607–12. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17285386/

Thanoun AN. The Impact of Prophylactic Dexamethasone, Metoclopramide or both on Nausea and Vomiting After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. AL-Kindy College Medical Journal [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2025 Mar 31];15(2):69–75. Available from: https://jkmc.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/MEDICAL/article/view/168

Rahman AA, Rahman A, Mahdy NE, Kamaly AM. Predictive Factors Affecting Postoperative Quality of Recovery for Patients Undergoing Surgery. [cited 2025 Mar 24];6(3):50–60. Available from: www.iosrjournals.org

Ou-Young J, Royse C, Clarke-Errey S, El-Ansary D, Riedel B, Griffiths J, et al. Recovery trajectories after major abdominal surgery: A retrospective pooled cohort study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand [Internet]. 2025 Feb 1 [cited 2025 Mar 31];69(2):e14576. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11743424/

Naghibi K, Saryazdi H, Kashefi P, Rohani F. The comparison of spinal anesthesia with general anesthesia on the postoperative pain scores and analgesic requirements after elective lower abdominal surgery: A randomized, double-blinded study. J Res Med Sci [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2025 Mar 31];18(7):543. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3897018/

Mehanna AMAM, Ibrahim AG. Comparative Study between General and Spinal Anaesthesia in Laparoscopic Appendectomy. Anesthesia & Clinical Research [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2025 Mar 31];8(4):1–5. Available from: https://www.longdom.org/open-access/comparative-study-between-general-and-spinal-anaesthesia-in-laparoscopicappendectomy-51594.html

Nofal AM, Hashish AH, Abd El-Sattar MM, Rezk MA. Issue 2 Article 17 6-27-2020 Part of the Medicine and Health Sciences Commons. Menoufia Medical Journal [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2025 Mar 31];33(2):17. Available from: https://www.menoufia-med-j.com/journal

Buchanan FF, Myles PS, Cicuttini F. Effect of patient sex on general anaesthesia and recovery. Br J Anaesth [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2025 Mar 15];106(6):832–9. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21558068/

Fillingim RB, King CD, RibeLéger et al. (2023)iro-Dasilva MC, Rahim-Williams B, Riley JL. Sex, Gender, and Pain: A Review of Recent Clinical and Experimental Findings. J Pain. 2009 May 1;10(5):447–85.

Kuehner C. Why is depression more common among women than among men? Lancet Psychiatry [Internet]. 2017 Feb 1 [cited 2025 Mar 15];4(2):146–58. Available from: https://www.thelancet.com/action/showFullText?pii=S2215036616302632

Saravana-Bawan B, Goplen M, Alghamdi M, Khadaroo RG. The Relationship Between Visceral Obesity and Post-operative Complications: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Surgical Research. 2021 Nov 1;267:71–81.

Carron M, Safaee Fakhr B, Ieppariello G, Foletto M. Perioperative care of the obese patient. British Journal of Surgery [Internet]. 2020 Jan 5 [cited 2025 Mar 16];107(2):e39–55. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bjs.11447

Oh TK, Song IA. Outcomes of after-hours surgeries performed under general anaesthesia: a South Korean nationwide cohort study. Anaesthesia [Internet]. 2025 [cited 2025 Mar 24]; Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39929738/

Published

2025-09-26

How to Cite

1.
Hasan S, Ali F, Ameen Marof K, Faeq A, Abdullah L, Khalil Majeed F, et al. Measurement of the Quality of recovery after elective surgeries using the QoR-15 score. Iraq Med J [Internet]. 2025 Sep. 26 [cited 2026 May 18];9(3). Available from: https://mail.iraqmedj.org/index.php/imj/article/view/1319

Issue

Vol. 9 No. 3 (2025): Summer 2025

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Iraq Medical Journal

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Similar Articles

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.